匹諾曹效應是指當人們撒謊時，大腦中的島葉皮質（一種腦素）會被啟動。而研究發現，島葉皮質活性增強後，體溫就會升高。尤其是鼻子及周圍肌肉的溫度會有所上升。

英譯: Pinocchio effect; Pinocchio illusion (an illusion that one's nose is growing longer, as happened to the literary character Pinocchio when he told a lie)